Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) has a ranger of activity similar to that of the tetracyclines but with the important difference that it is effective in typhoid and paratyphoid fever. This was the only specific therapy available for these infections until 1961 when ampicillin was synthesized. Further experience will be necessary to determine the relative value to them in the treatment of meningitis and severe exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to this organism. However, ampicillin may also be equally efficacious against these infections and has the added advantage of being potentially less dangerous. The daily dose of chloramphenicol for an adult is 1-2 g; 1-2 capsules, each containing 250 mg. are given at six-1 ourly intervals for about five days. Preparations for parenteral administration, and ointments for the local treatment of susceptible infections, are also available.
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